Bronchiectasis
Definition: Persistent dilatation of the medium size bronchi and bronchioles with chronic inflammation of their walls
Aetiology:
1. Septic bronchopneumonia
i. The walls of the inflamed bronchi are weak and easily pulled by the negative pressure of the thorax
ii. The walls of the bronchi are weak due to protolytic enzymes release from inflammatory reaction
iii. There is interference of cough reflex leading to exudates retention
iv. The surrounding alveoli become fibrotic and pull on the weak bronchi
2. Bronchial obstruction
i. Bronchial obstruction leads to collapse of the alveoli due to air absorption. This increases the negative pressure in the thorax pulling on the weak bronchi
ii. Bronchial obstruction is predisposed to infection leading to septic bronchopneumonia.
* The walls of the inflamed bronchi are weak and easily pulled by the negative pressure of the thorax
The walls of the bronchi are weak due to protolytic enzymes release from inflammatory reaction
There is interference of cough reflex leading to exudates retention
The surrounding alveoli become fibrotic and pull on the weak bronchi
3. Congenital lesions
i. Kartegener`s syndrome:consists of situs invertus sinusitis and bronchiectasis. This is due to defective in ciliary movement leading to ineffective bacterial removal causing infection
ii. Mucoviscidosis: there is thick mucous secretion leading to bronchial obstruction promoting infection
iii. The above two condition leads to septic bronchopneumonia
Definition: Persistent dilatation of the medium size bronchi and bronchioles with chronic inflammation of their walls
Aetiology:
1. Septic bronchopneumonia
i. The walls of the inflamed bronchi are weak and easily pulled by the negative pressure of the thorax
ii. The walls of the bronchi are weak due to protolytic enzymes release from inflammatory reaction
iii. There is interference of cough reflex leading to exudates retention
iv. The surrounding alveoli become fibrotic and pull on the weak bronchi
2. Bronchial obstruction
i. Bronchial obstruction leads to collapse of the alveoli due to air absorption. This increases the negative pressure in the thorax pulling on the weak bronchi
ii. Bronchial obstruction is predisposed to infection leading to septic bronchopneumonia.
* The walls of the inflamed bronchi are weak and easily pulled by the negative pressure of the thorax
The walls of the bronchi are weak due to protolytic enzymes release from inflammatory reaction
There is interference of cough reflex leading to exudates retention
The surrounding alveoli become fibrotic and pull on the weak bronchi
3. Congenital lesions
i. Kartegener`s syndrome:consists of situs invertus sinusitis and bronchiectasis. This is due to defective in ciliary movement leading to ineffective bacterial removal causing infection
ii. Mucoviscidosis: there is thick mucous secretion leading to bronchial obstruction promoting infection
iii. The above two condition leads to septic bronchopneumonia
